Everything about Urban District totally explained
In the
United Kingdom and the
Republic of Ireland, an
urban district was a type of
local government district that covered an
urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected Urban District Council (UDC), which shared local government responsibilities with a
county council.
England and Wales
In
England and Wales, urban districts and
rural districts were created in 1894 (by the
Local Government Act of 1894) as subdivisions of
administrative counties.
They replaced the earlier system of Urban and Rural
sanitary districts (based on
poor law unions) the functions of which were taken over by the district councils. The district councils also had wider powers over local matters such as parks, cemeteries and local planning. The defining difference between an urban district and a rural district was that an urban district contained a single
parish, while a rural district may contain many. Urban districts were considered to have more problems with
public health than rural areas, and so urban district councils had more funding, and powers than their corresponding rural districts.
Urban districts usually covered smaller towns, usually with populations of less than 30,000. Originally there were 1013 urban districts. Under the
Local Government Act 1929 206 urban districts were abolished. Many were merged with surrounding rural districts, and so many urban districts often covered some rural areas as well. Larger towns became
municipal boroughs (already created, in 1835 under the
Municipal Reform Act 1835) which had a slightly higher status, and the right to appoint a
mayor.
All urban districts in England and Wales were abolished in 1974, (by the
Local Government Act 1972) and replaced with a uniform system of larger
districts, which usually covered both urban and rural areas. Many
parish councils were created for towns previously covered by urban districts.
See
List of rural and urban districts in England and
List of rural and urban districts in Wales for lists of the remaining urban districts that were abolished in 1974.
Ireland
In
Ireland urban districts were created in 1898 by the
Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. In what is now the
Republic of Ireland they continued to exist but were renamed simply 'towns' under the
Local Government Act 2001. The corresponding
rural districts were abolished long ago.
In
Northern Ireland, they were abolished in 1973, and replaced with a system of unitary
districts.
See also:
List of rural and urban districts in Northern IrelandFurther Information
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